摘要
青少年期是个体生理、认知与社会性发展的关键转折阶段，心理健康问题在这一时期呈现出高发、多元与复杂交织的特征。近年来，随着学业竞争加剧、网络媒介普及以及社会转型带来的家庭结构变迁，青少年抑郁、焦虑、网络成瘾、问题行为等心理困扰日益受到学界与社会的广泛关注。在众多影响青少年心理发展的因素中，亲子关系作为家庭系统的核心纽带，被认为是塑造青少年情绪调节能力、社会适应能力与人格健全发展的首要微观环境。大量研究表明，亲子关系的质量不仅直接影响青少年的心理健康水平，还通过一系列中介变量间接作用于其认知、情绪与行为发展。然而，现有研究在作用机制的揭示、纵向追踪的开展以及特殊情境（如公共卫生事件）下的动态变化等方面仍存在不足。基于此，本文采用文献综述法，对2019—2024年国内外关于亲子关系与青少年心理健康的相关研究进行梳理，重点从内化心理问题、问题行为及作用机制等方面进行归纳，并结合家庭系统、数字媒介使用及特殊时期等研究情境进行综合分析。现有研究总体表明，积极的亲子关系与较低水平的抑郁、焦虑等内化心理问题相关，而心理控制、拒绝和过度保护等消极教养方式则与较高水平的心理问题相关。本综述旨在为青少年心理健康促进与家庭干预实践提供理论依据，并对未来研究方向提出建议。
关键词： 亲子关系；青少年；心理健康；内化问题；问题行为；作用机制
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical turning point in an individual's physiological, cognitive, and social development. Mental health problems during this period are characterized by high incidence, diversity, and complex interplay. In recent years, with intensified academic competition, the widespread use of internet media, and changes in family structure brought about by social transformation, adolescent psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, internet addiction, and problem behaviors has received increasing attention from academia and society. Among the many factors influencing adolescent psychological development, parent-child relationships, as the core bond of the family system, are considered the primary micro-environment shaping adolescents’ emotional regulation abilities, social adaptability, and sound personality development. Numerous studies have shown that the quality of parent-child relationships not only directly affects the mental health level of adolescents but also indirectly influences their cognitive, emotional, and behavioral development through a series of mediating variables. However, existing research still has shortcomings in elucidating the mechanisms of action, conducting longitudinal studies, and understanding dynamic changes under special circumstances (such as public health events). Based on this, this paper employs a literature review method to summarize relevant domestic and international research on parent-child relationships and adolescent mental health from 2019 to 2024. The review focuses on internalized psychological problems, problem behaviors, and mechanisms of action, and integrates these findings with research contexts such as family systems, digital media use, and specific periods. Existing research generally indicates that positive parent-child relationships are associated with lower levels of internalized psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, while negative parenting styles such as psychological control, rejection, and overprotection are associated with higher levels of psychological problems. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for adolescent mental health promotion and family intervention practices, and to offer suggestions for future research directions.
Key words： Parent-child relationship; Adolescents; Mental health; Internalized problems; Problem behaviors; Mechanisms of action
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